Glucose toxicity: mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications

Mechanisms of diabetic complications.

It is increasingly apparent that not only is a cure for the current worldwide diabetes epidemic required, but also for its major complications, affecting both small and large blood vessels. These complications occur in the majority of individuals with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Among the most prevalent microvascular complications are kidney disease, blindness, and amputations, with curren...

Aldose reductase in glucose toxicity: a potential target for the prevention of diabetic complications.

Mechanisms Involved in the Placental Glucose Transfer

The mechanisms involved in both placental uptake and transfer of macronutrients are reviewed. Fatty acid, cholesterol and amino acid transport across the placenta involves a complex system to ensure nutrient delivery to the growing fetus. The placental glucose transfer is important for fetal macrosomia, but lipid disturbances in both maternal and placental compartments may contribute to neonata...

Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Huntington's Disease Pathogenesis.

Transcriptional dysregulation is an early event and may be an important pathological mechanism in Huntington's disease (HD). However, the exact process that leads to alterations in gene expression in HD is not clear. One potential mechanism underlying transcriptional abnormalities in HD may be epigenetic alterations which regulate gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Previous work...

The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic complications

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and alterations of cellular homeostasis, which lead to diffuse vascular damage. The microvascular complications of diabetes, resulting from a damage of the microvasculature of the kidney, retina and neurons, includ...